4 choral miniatures


Completed in 2019 - Baton Rouge, LA.

Premiered in Spring 2022 - Baton Rouge, LA.

SATB choir

ca. 3-5 minutes in duration.


This work is a collection of 4 short miniatures, each two minutes or shorter in duration. Written for SATB choir, it should be performed a cappella. The texts are as follows:

I. Forever – is composed of nows... -Emily Dickinson

II. In three words I can sum up all I know about life... it goes on... -Robert Frost

III. Broken wings are not useless, because they still hold the memories of being able to fly. -Makoto Nakamura

IV. Life can only be understood backwards; but it must be lived forwards... -Soren Kierkegaard


Each of these miniatures varies in style and mood, and can be performed separately as desired, but they are intended to be performed as a set of four.

While the order and number are flexible, all of the miniatures discuss themes of life. These themes at first glance can appear bleak, however I feel that they show a sort of hopefulness and optimism that everyone could use right now.



The score is available for download here,